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HE CHINESE BOOK 
or ETIQUETTE ann CONDUCT 
FoR WOMEN anv GIRLS enrirtep 


Instruction for Chinese 
Women and Girls 


ot 


By 
LADY TSAO 


Translated from the Chinese by 
Mrs. S. L. BALDWIN 


New York: . EATON & MAINS 
CINCINNATI: . JENNINGS & PYE 





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STACK 
or IV. OF CALIF. LIBRARY, LOS ANGELES ANNEX | 
\PPRERADE,  CRETU NES 3 5 bees a 
BI 4 
20071 || 
CHAPTER I. 
On the Cultivation of Virtue. 
CHAPTER II. 
Woman’s Work.— Weaving Silk, etc. 
CHAPTER III. 
On Politeness. 

















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CHAPTER IV. 
On Early Rising. 
CHAPTER V. 

On Reverence for Parents. 


CHAPTER VI. 


On the Reverence Due Father and Mother-in-law. 


CHAPTER VII. 
On Reverencing the Husband. 


CHAPTER VIII. 
On the Instruction of Children. 


CHAPTER IX. 
On Attention to Domestic Duties. 


CHAPTER X. 

On the Treatment of Guests. 
CHAPTER XI. 

On Gentleness and Harmony. 


CHAPTER XII. 
On the Cultivation of Virtue. 


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FACING 
CHAPTER 


II. 





ILLUSTRATIONS 
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Chinese Lady Shielding Face with Fan. 
Gathering Chia Leaves for Cocoons. 
Serving Afternoon Tea. 


Arranging Dining Room Table. 


Praying for Sick Parent before Ancestral Tablets. 


Making the Bed for Mother-in-law. 

Drinking Wine Together in Marriage Ceremony. 
Garden Scene. 

Kitchen and Preparing Food. 

Morning Salutation to Male Guest. 

Neighbors Visiting. 


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PREFACE 
* 

EW people in the West have any in- 
telligent conception of the remark- 
able civilization that has existed in China 
for hundreds of years, and this in strange 
contrast with her squalor, poverty, and 

heathenism. 

How little is known, save by a very 
few, of her reverence for parents, age, 
letters, and law; of her teachers, schools, 
colleges, literary chancellors and degrees; 
and that it is true in that great empire 
that the humblest may rise to be second 
only to the emperor if he has the ability. 
A literary aristocracy leads all others; 
indeed, leaves no place for any other, and 
it is far more to havea literary degree 
than to be a millionaire. “Twice six 
hundred years has China’s famed Hanlin 
Academy existed and been the Mecca of 





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her aspiring scholars.” Of what other 
countries can we find reliable dynastic 
histories of thousands of years, books on 
morals and etiquette, visiting cards, en- 
velopes, tinted and decorated note paper, 
the very tint of the paper conveying sen- 
timents of regard, and these not modern 
luxuries, but ancient, and in common use 
when our ancestors were such gross bar- 
barians as no record proves the Chinese 
to have ever been? The better I know 
this wonderful people, and the more I 


_ study their history, the greater my aston- 


ishment that such a civilization can exist 
parallel with such-degradation and super- 
stition of the masses. 

This is doubtless due to the exception- 
ally wise and good men they have had as 
teachers, notably Confucius and Mencius, 
whose instructions concerning all the re- 
lations of man to man are known and 
quoted from the highest down to the 
poorest classes. 

I soon discovered that in our great 


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city of Foochow, in southern China, there 
was actually acirculating library. I think 
it is safe to say that such an institution 
could not be duplicated in any other 
heathen nation. I made haste through 
my native teacher to rent one of its 
most famous novels, in twelve booklets. 
I planned to translate it, with intent thus 
to become more familiar with the life and 
thought of the people and to compare 
their standards of life with our own. I 
was most interested to find the plan of 
the story very similar to those of our 
own writers. There were the same ideals 
for hero and heroine: lofty virtue, un-_ 
failing heroism, patient suffering, < and. self- 


sacrifice for “ dear love’s_ sake,” on one— 


—sides-and the most wicked. selfishness, : 


cunning, and scheming i in the ever-pres- 


~ent marplot. The hero was of high liter- 


ary connections, himself distinguished for 
learning, honor, and bravery, the very 
idoland hope of his family. The heroine 
was a beautiful, refined young girl, also 





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of literary family whom dire fortune had 
brought very low; and she as a last resort 
was ready to prove her filial affection—the 
central virtue of the Chinese—by con- 
senting to be sold as a slave to save her 
father from imprisonment for debt by the 
vile man who wanted her. She abhorred 
this man, but seeing no other way to save 
her father was willing to sacrifice herself. 
The whole story was skillfully planned, 
beautifully worded, and intensely inter- 
esting. But alas! I never found time to 
complete the translation, and my last 
effort left my beautiful heroine in a per- 
fect tangle of wicked schemes, while her 
deliverer, the hero, was at the bottom of 
a river in the care of a good goddess! I 
was comforted, however, by the assurance 
of my native teacher that our hero came 
up all right, and just at the very critical 
moment, demolished all the schemes of the 
wicked one, delivered the lovely heroine 
and her aged father, and, best of all, this 
story of the Orient ended in the same 





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entrancing manner as those of the West, 
with marriage bells—nay, firecrackers in- 
numerable and joy all around! 


While forced to give up the completion - 


of this famous Chinese work, the very 
name of which has slipped my memory, I 
did complete with even greater interest 
the translation of a far more famous work, 
the standard and universally prized book 
of Justructions for Women and Girls, said 
to be the first book of etiquette ever pub- 
lished, in which we find that this great 


























people do not at all meet the popular 
conception of utterly degraded heathen” 
They have local books of etiquette printed 
in different dialects, of which there are 
about forty, but this standard work is in 
the classical or do0k language, and out- 
ranks all others, as well it may, for it in- 
cludes far more than even the Western 
books of etiquette in its careful moral 
code. 

China is certainly in advance of every 
other heathen nation, in that her wise 

















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men and women have ever lifted up 
a pure and good standard of life before 
the people. Confucius gave them the 
second table of the law—man’s duty to 
man; but alas! knowing not the first— 
man’s duty to God, and living many 
years before the revelation of Christ the 
Saviour, Exemplar, and Helper, neither 
Confucius nor his people could measure 
up to their own lofty standards. 

I was often amused at my native as- 
sistant in the translation of this book. He 
had much national pride, great admiration 
for their ancient literary characters, and 
the most profound respect for the author 
of this book and her instructions. He 
was a first degree literary man, and withal 
an earnest and intelligent Christian, and 
manifested more satisfaction with West- 
ern ideas than any native I knew, but 
woman’s seclusion, duty to obey, etc., 
he thoroughly approved, and regarded 
us Westerners as entirely too lax in these 
respects. So asthe translation proceeded 











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he would throw in remarks expressing 
his satisfaction at this or that, and at 


‘times even showing how ¢4zs agreed with 
the Scriptures. Thus when it speaks of — 


woman’s duty to obey her husband and 
“listen with reverence to his words,” he 
remarked with emphasis, “Just as Pdld 
[Paul] taught, you see.” I smiled and 
said nothing, but waited my opportunity 
to show him how far short they all came 
either of Paul’s or his admired author’s 
teachings, and the good chance came 
when the “instructions” spoke of hus- 
band and wife “sharing either riches or 
poverty.” I said: “All this is very good 
in theory, but I do not see that your peo- 
ple practice it. So far from sharing pov- 
erty, you know how it is. If there are 
not enough vegetables and rice for all the 
family, the wife serves the husband with 
all he wants, then gives to the children, 
and too often all that is left for her is the 
water in which the vegetables were 
cooked. Paul says, ‘The strong should 


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bear the burdens of the weak.’ Women 
are weak, Your author says, ‘share pov- 
erty, but I do not see that your people 
follow either the teaching of the one or 
the instructions of the other.” He ac- 
knowledged the truth of this and that 
“there was still something lacking,” but 
ever remained immovable in his conserv- 
atism on the “ woman question.” 

In this translation the Chinese idiom 
has been retained as far as consistent 
with clearness of meaning. 

The binding of the book is in conform- 
ity to Chinese thought. Bright scarlet is 
their joyful color—worn by the bride— 
the color of their visiting cards, and con- 
spicuous in their wall decorations in tem- 
ples and homes, and on all joyful occa- 
sions. The beautiful bamboo, which 
decorates the cover of the book and out- 
lines the leaves, is also specially prized,and 
symbolizes peace; the birds in the bam- 
boo, messengers; and we thus have the 
thought, messengers of peace, in harmony 


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with the teaching of the book. Each 
illustration represents an important cus- 
tom referred to in the chapter. These 
pictures and the design upon the cover 
were all made by a skilled Chinese 
artist, Mr. Pang Sun Yow, who has for 
years been a faithful member of one of 
the churches of Brooklyn. 


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BRIEF SKETCH OF THE AUTHORESS 
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. 
i ANG TAI KU was a very cele: || 
__ brated literary woman who lived in | 


the Han dynasty about eighteen hu eae 
_dred-and twenty years ago. Her father 

was a high official at the capital, then 

the city of Si-ngan, in the province of 
J Shen-si. Pang Tai Ku was betrothed 
to a man of the Tsao family named Sin. 
Tsao Sin attained the highest literary 
degree, but,alas!_died early, leaving — 
Pang Tai Ku a lonely widow. Her elder 
brother, Pang Ku, was the president of 
the great Hanlin College, the first college 
of the empire and the only college to 
give the highest degree. He had com- 
menced writing the history of the Han 
dynasty, but before he had completed 
the half he became totally blind. The 


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emperor asked him who could complete 
the work. Pang Ku replied, “ Under the 
whole heavens there is but one person 
who can do it—my younger sister, Tsao 


Tai Ku” (her name after marriage). At 


this time she was still in seclusion and 





mourning for her husband, although sev- 





éral years had passed since his death. 
The emperor sent her many valuable 
presents, invited her to come to the court, 
and built her a palace within the im- 
perial grounds, but so_humble was she _ 
that she attributed all of these honors 


‘to the emperor's regard for her. brother, 


Pang Ku. She ‘completed the history — 


“of the Han dynasty, and did it so well 


that no one could tell where her brother 
stopped and she began. The emperor 
was greatly pleased with her work and 
treated her with the highest respect and 
honor. He commanded all the ladies of 
the palace to do her reverence and to 
call her “Instructor of Women.” He 
also_requested her to teach these ladies... 











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It was at this time that she prepared 
| her discourses or Zustvuctions to Women } 
f and ¢ Girls, known and so highly esteemed ~ 
i throughout ‘the empire as the most thor- ~ ff 
ough and perfect rules ever prepared for 
a woman's COndgee : 
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INTRODUCTION 
* 
AI KU, your handmaid, is of an il- 
lustrious family, and was a philoso- 











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pher’s wife. I have tried to perfect myself 








inthe four womanly virtues, which aré: 








Jirst, carefulness in deportment, which in- 





cludes manners, dress, and_all outward 
conduct; sec second, all womanly duties; third, 
talking little,and that of profit ; fourth,to 
be’ virtuous. Having but few duties, I 
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made books a study. I also earnestly 
tried to follow the example of the “nine 
upright women” and “three chaste ones” 
(ancient Chinese women distinguished for 
their virtues). It is lamentable that suc- 
ceeding women have not walked in their 
footsteps. Because of this I have pre- 
pared this book, and desire it to be care- 
fully handed down for the benefit of girls 


and women. 














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CHAPTER I 
On the Cultivation of Virtue 


All girls, everywhere, 

First should learn to cultivate virtue. 

Of cultivating virtue’s methods, _ 

The most important is 

To be pure and upright in morals ; 

If pure, you are clean inside and outside; 

Chastity is your body’s glory ; 

Having it, all your acts shine. 

When walking, look straight, turn not 
your head ; 

Talking, restrain your voice within your 
teeth ; 

Sitting, don’t shake your knees—a com- 
~mon fault with men; 

Standing, keep quiet your skirts ; 

When pleased, laugh not aloud ; 

If angry, still make no noise ; 

Inner and outer rooms’ (women’s and 

men’s) duties 











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| Fully understand. 


Boys and girls must not together be. 

With outside business you have no con- 
cern ; 

Therefore, go not beyond the court. 

If necessary outside to go, 

Exhibit not your form, 

But screen your face with fan or veil. 

To men who are not with you related 
you may not speak. 

With women and girls of not careful con- 
duct you may not associate. 

Following virtue, decorum, and upright- 
ness, you so accomplish the end of 
your being. 











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CHAPTER II 
Woman’s Work.—Weaving Silk, etc. 


All girls, everywhere, 

Should learn woman’s work. 

In weaving cloth, 

Distinguish between the coarse and fine; 

When sitting at the loom work carefully ; 

When boiling the silk cocoons, 

Collecting for them the mulberry and 
chia leaves, 

In all be very diligent. 

Protect the worms from wind and rain. 

If cold, warm them by the fire; 

Keep them in a clean place ; 

As the young ones grow, 

Transfer them to baskets, but crowd 
them not; 

Provide them leaves, not too many nor 
too few. 

Making silk, be careful of the straight and 
cross threads, so you will make a 
perfect piece. 


























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When finished remove the gauze at once 
from the loom. 

Cotton cloth fold and lay in boxes or 
baskets. 

Silk, cotton, and the two kinds of grass 
cloth, 

All learn perfectly to make, 

Then you can sell to others, 

And yourself have clothing to wear. 





Using the Needle 


To embroider shoes, stitch stockings, 
Mend clothes, and unite cloth, 

Trim and quilt garments, 

All such work should you be able to do. 
If you follow these instructions, 
Whether it be cold or warm, 

You will have suitable clothing, 

And rags and poverty you will not know. 
Do not imitate lazy women | 
Who from youth to womanhood have | 


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Not having exerted themselves in wom- 
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They are prepared for neither cold nor 
warm weather. 

Their sewing is so miserable, 

People both laugh at and despise them. 

The idle girl, going forth to be married, 

Injures the reputation of her husband’s 
whole family. 

Her clothes are ragged and dirty. 


She vainly pulls the west over to cover the 
east. |Note: A sly pull to hide a 


rent. | 
She is a disgrace to her village. 
I thus exhort and warn the girls, 
Let them hear and learn. 














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CHAPTER III 
On Politeness 


All girls, everywhere, 

Should learn woman’s work. 

When women guests are expected, 

You should the chairs arrange in order. 


Let your own dress be neat and suitable. 


Slowly and lightly walk ; 

Move not your hands about; 

And let your voice be gentle and low. 

With such deportment 

Invite your guests to enter: 

Present your salutations, 

Inquiring after their welfare since last you 
~ met. 

In conversation with them, 

Talk not at random. 

When they questions ask, or answer, 

Give most polite attention. 

In asking of their welfare, 





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Or talking of yourself, in a low voice 
speak ; . 

The tea and refreshments carefully pre- 
pare. [Vote - “ Afternoon teas” evi- 
dently are not modern. | 

Politely receive guests, 

And exhaust courtesy when they depart. 

Do not imitate those 

Who only regard themselves, 

And show no respect to others. 

Such receive few guests, 


' Because they know not politeness. 


As a guest, demand nothing ; 

As a hostess, exhaust hospitalzty. 

When you go to a friend’s house 

Be not eager to receive attentions. 

Having exchanged greetings and taken 
tea, 

Immediately your business then make 
known, 

This finished, at once rise to go, 

Observing all courtesy in departing. 

If the hostess prevails upon you to longer 
stay, 


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And a feast for you prepares, 

Remember the wine to only ratse to your 
lips. 

Your chopsticks, place not on the table 
crossed, . 

But use them with propriety and grace. 

The refilling your cup with wine s¢eadzly 
refuse. 

Follow not your desires, just to eat, eat! 

Imitate not those rude women 

Who with confusion eat, drink, and talk; 

Drinking wine until crazy, 

They shamefully vomit their food ; 

In this state going home, 

Before reaching their house, 

Many shameful, rude acts will they do. 
[Note: The evils of wine drinking 
were recognized eighteen hundred 
and twenty years ago! | 

Outside of your house you should seldom 
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Nor into the street for pleasure. 

If persons unknown you meet, 

Your head and eyes quickly lower. 




















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Do not imitate stupid women 

Who gad about from house to house. 
These speak many idle words, 

And cause others evil to speak of them. 
Such may not escape reproof. 
Their families by them are injured, 
Their parents greatly dishonored. 
Still another class imitate not— 
Those whose deeds are so evil 
That they are shameful, fearful, 
And disreputable ! 














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CHAPTER IV | 
On Early Rising q 

All girls, everywhere, 

Listen to the following : r 

Before the sun has fully risen, 

At the cock’s crowing time 

Arise, and dress yourself with care. 


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Dress neatly, not showily. A 
Comb your hair and wash your face ; 

Then at once to the kitchen go; f 
Of the fire be very careful. 

See that the kitchen is clean, - 


And all the cooking utensils. 
Your food zz guantzty and gualzty, 





Prepare very carefully, | 

According to the poverty or riches of | 
your family. } 

In seasoning food, u 


Observe careful rules. 

Be not careless as to whether the food Ul 
Shall be sweet, fresh, and fragrant. ] 
Let the cups and plates be clean, i 


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And arranged in order on the table. 

Let the three meals be regular, 

And properly prepared. 

At daylight rising, 

Delay not upon the day’s work. to enter. 

Lazy women do not imitate ; , 

They are too idle even to think: | 

When dark, they go to sleep, uy 

And when the:sun is three feet high, ] 
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They still are in their beds. 

When they rise, it is already late; 

But for this they know not shame. 

l They hasten to the kitchen, 

With hair uncombed and face unwashed. 





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U The tea and rice by them prepared 
Is scarcely fit to eat, 

t Andall they do is withhaste andconfusion. J) 
Another class there is you must not imitate. 

: They think of nothing but eating; 1 


Before the food is fully prepared, 
Before their husbands have eaten, 


Ut 
! They are eating, here a little, there a little. 


5) 








Surely this is very disgraceful ! 








Of such conduct beware. 

















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LZ Po 


NI STEC 







Aina aese &ebe 
gaat BM wne 
ate 
tea, . wie “3 
certs fee Gee 








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jaanevsmascoweee ne Va 
re ee Le A ee 
Te eun wee nnwennrwes, 
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neta Me Note See g 
id Pape ee a ad Ff: 
Pa ae a A eee / 
wean Se 
i Fy 
ay _ 























4 



































SSS” 


Praying for Sick Parent before Ancestral Tablets. 











\ 

















— 


os SSS SS Oe —E— ee (eeeemel 


1) SS, | ED | AOE | 2 (Cc 


Weare 9 








CHAPTER V 
On Reverence for Parents 


Girls not yet gone out from their homes 
[not married | ; 

Must carefully reverence their parents ; 

Early rise, and to them 

The morning salutations present. 

If cold, build a fire to warm them; 

If warm, use the fan to cool them; 

If they are hungry, hasten to supply them 
food; 

If thirsty, prepare for them the tea. 

If your parents rebuke you, 

Receive it not impatiently, 

But, standing in their presence, 

Hear with reverence and obedient heart, 

And repent of and forsake the wrong. 

The words of your parents, 

Regard as beyond all others important ; 

Obey their instructions ; 

Turn not away your head, 








ah 


5 
ty 














TREES | PEREIRA SRT | Sao | Perea) PETE | ERTIES ) TIT 


Scenics >> ae i p arrears oy VEINS 














And be not stiff-necked. 
If you do wrong, confess to your parents, 








x \ ‘c PESO ( SORE ( CRS, | LAREN it a 


————— 
SE 


Requesting instruction and reproof. | 
When your parents become old, 
Morning and night be sorrowful and fear- 

ful ; ; fs 
Their clothes, food, and drink, | 
With the utmost care provide, vy 
Observing the demands 
Of the four seasonsin yourcare for them. =| 
oI If your parents are sick, . | 
Leave not their bedside, 5 
Loosen not your girdle to lie down; | 
The tea and the medicine, 
{ Yourself first taste 
To be sure that it is just right. 5 
Cease not to cry unto heaven, 
Or to pray in the ancestral temple, 
J That they may be restored. 
Never let it be said 

That your parents died as fi 

. | For lack of attention from you. 


(SRT, { SERRE | GTR 




















When they die 7 j 
Your very bones should grieve, 




















i= =) py’ )) ye eo we senso | Elka hy 


my 
cay 


ee ee, ee 














Sianeli ae <i 


| | 7 (CES | EN ( COREE ( (C iC ve = i 























And to your life’s end cease not to mourn. 
Grief’s clothing, for your parents, 

Three years you must wear ; 

The sacrificial offering to them, 

You must never cease to make. 

Thus should you honor your ancestors. 





oo Ee OE >) eens |" = a ee 




















“Tovamse | eosema | TSS si ' ERY | WER | ETE Say 


































































































Making the Bed for Mother-in-law. 


= 





iL 


| 











SO Cl occceeng Garmutorem nant Goeoage ag eeomeran ast Cpe 











(> SS pan | <Seaae ( (mma ememenet | semana (4 € « —te af 


—ST 








CHAPTER VI 


On the Reverence Due Father and Mother- 
in-law 

Father and mother-in-law 

Are your husband’s family. 

When you arrive at their threshold 

You become a new woman; 

Reverence and serve them 

As your own parents. 

Honor greatly your father-in-law ; 

Before him, let neither gladnessnorsorrow 

Show forth in your face. 

Dare not even to walk behind him; 

Stand not before him when you speak, 

But to one side or behind him, 

And hasten his every command to obey. 

When your mother-in-law sits 

You should respectfully stand ; 

Obey quickly her commands. 

In the morning early rise 

And quietly open the doors, 





1a ereeeg ) ONGOR ALG TONER ADENINE KITS Semmes 5 PEA? my) 


1 ASSIS 














be ca} ramen | <>) ")) sore 1 = 








:  aianian SS (C | EIR, | ea -—= Sp 


Making no noise to waken her; 

Her toilet articles hasten to prepare; 

Her washbowl and towel, 

Her toothbrush and powder 

All bring together. 

[Note: Eighteen hundred and twenty 
years ago toothbrushes in China !] 

Let not the water be too cold or too hot. F 

When the mother-in-law wakens, 

All these things respectfully present te 4 
her, 

Then immediately retire to one side, 

Until her toilet is completed. 

Then approach and present the morning 
salutations ; 

Again retire and prepare her tea. 

Quickly and cheerfully carry it to her; 

After which the breakfast table arrange ; 

Place the spoons and chopsticks straight. 

The rice cook soft, and 

Let the meat be thoroughly done. 

From ancient days until now, 

Old people have had szc& teeth ; 

Therefore, let not the food be so dry 


EEE NR | SEES | 





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That your mother-in-law 

With labor vainly eats. 

Daily the three meals 

Thus carefully prepare. 

When darkness comes, 

And your great one [mother-in-law] de- 
sires to sleep, 

Carefully for her spread the bed, » 

“ When she may peacefully rest, 

And you may retire to your room. 

Following these instructions, 

All your superiors will praise you, 

l All that know you will esteem you as 
good. 

Do not imitate that other class 

Who care not for woman’s duties. 

Loudly they talk before their superiors; 

When told to do anything, 

They ever answer, “ My body is tired,” 

When truly they are only lazy. 

They obey not their superiors, 

Nor care whether they are hungry or 
cold ; 

The reputation of such is wholly bad; 


A ese OD, | SE 





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\\memasiel Loomeaan« aamreneat (cenormatsl sccm, | coon, GIaTRIE (CUERE| | Src 





Heaven and earth have no patience with 
them! 

Thunder and lightning are angry with 

them ! 

When their punishment comes 

Their repentance is too late, 

There is then left no road of escape. 


1) ieee! | 2 





cere: : 


\ 


>} 


\ 












































Drinking Wine Together in Marriage Ceremony. 














te Sl Oo ( (i 





fp 











CHAPTER VIi 
On Reverencing the Husband 


When a girl leaves her father’s house 

Her husband thereafter 

Is her nearest relative. 

In her former state, before she was born, 

Her relations in the present world were 
fixed. 

Fler husband ts to her as heaven / 

How dare she fail to reverence him ? 

The husband commands, the wife obeys ; 

Yet let there be mutual grace and love; 

Let them be ¢o each other as guests in 
politeness ; 

But whenever the husband speaks 

Let the wife give careful attention. 

If her husband does wrong, 

Let her only exhort and persuade him, 

And not imitate stupid women 


Who call down calamities on bad hus- 
bands. 




















; 

5 

| 
——S_=S 3 \ PRET ER >) Eee: ae 








(a 


{¢ |, 








ae 





——S Se ee 


When the husband goes out 

The wife should respectfully ask how far 
he must walk. 

If by the middle of the night 

He has not returned home, 

She may not sleep, but must still wait 
for him, 

Keep the light burning and his food hot, 

Until she hears his knock at the door. 

Do not imitate lazy women 

Who go to bed before it is dark. 

If the husband is sick, 

Let the wife, with careful hand, 

Administer all the medicine, 

Exhausting every means to restore him, 

And failing not to beseech the gods 

That his life may be prolonged. 

Imitate not stupid women 

Who at such times know not sorrow. 

If the husband is angry, 

Let not the wife be angry in return, 

But meekly yield to him, 

And press down her angry feelings. 

Do not imitate bad women 





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Who are ready to quarrel with their 
husbands. 

The winter and summer clothing for the 
husband | 

Wash carefully and mend neatly. 

Let him not be either too cold or too 
hot, 

To the injury of his bodily health. 

His daily food carefully prepare ; 

Let not his stomach be empty, 

Nor his mouth thirsty, 

Lest his body become thin 

And his heart sorrowful! 

[ Mote: Evidently the charm of a good 
meal for keeping husbands’ tempers 
sweet and hearts merry was known 
by our Chinese sisters eighteen hun- 
dred and twenty years ago!| 

If your husband is sweet, be you sweet; 

If sorrowful, be you sorrowful ; 

If he is rich, you are rich; 

If he is poor, you also are poor. 

In life you are one; 

In death let the same grave cover you. 





ge eae heey } | 2) ) RO? |) 














UP SPER En} SEER } OEMS ) 1) Eameanot | Risin Vanee mes | Serre | Rabe) el) SENoaae and } paras? 


CET | SAGARA or | WES | Te 7 











Sa Sener c= (C 5 ( Srey, | SRE. =e 








sp, 


2 PERSE ET | REO ( Teisaer | Sy | Pan | a ( ees | eee a (RET | EE [cena 





Following these instructions, 

You will live with your husband 

In joyous accord, | 

As perfect as that of the sweetest music, 
And many will sound abroad your fame. 

















— 





diate yy oases 2 >) =een 31) RSET \ Rea | Wem erasee 1 PERCH 


Jo > Ss 


= 





ene 


© 









































4 be wows ~»- “ 
te 


vinn Ya 




















Garden Scene. 


A 

















Y 


a merase (Poa CRED | CORI f AREER j MORRIE ( eS! ( Pa RANTES 








(S| CTR ERD | CTD | Sa | COATES f ( uC — 





CHAPTER VIII 
On the Instruction of Children 


Families generally have both boys and 
girls. 

When they are three or four years old 

It is important to begin their instruction. 

This work is truly the mother’s. 

When old enough to have teachers 

The boys and the girls may not study 
together, 

But in different rooms, with different 
teachers. 

First let them learn politeness ; 

Afterward their respective duties in life. 

Then they may learn to compose 

Both poetry and prose. 

Their teacher let them obey and rever- 
ence, 

And carefully present to him the usual 
gifts. 

When first he is invited to teach 


[ecweaey YN C Ce ECORILTTL TESTED | RETA | Cee | IRORRARSO! | ATE | 














ee >) eas =) ny) moe \" 5) esaasmans | ERS | 


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2 erica: tt (c tC —_— Se 








Se Sa | CSREES § AREEMED ( CSTR | ree (LE PTS Se ea 











Let great politeness be observed, 

And no confusion occur. 

When the spring flowers open, 

And the moon shines at night, 

Let the children play in the garden, 

And let wine be brought to the teacher; 

Ever regard him as one of the family. 

The women on meeting the teacher 

May only speak one sentence in salutation, 

Then immediately retire to the inner 
apartments. 

[ Vote. Teachers are treated with the ut- 
most respect, as, being literary men, 
they are of the aristocracy. | 

Girls must dwell in the secluded rooms; 

Seldom permit them to go outside. 

When they are called they must come; 

When told to go, let them obey. 

If disobedient in the least, 

Use small switches and punish them. 

The inner rooms’ [ girls’] instructions 

Most carefully observe. 

Sweeping the rooms, burning the in- 
cense, 




















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| Siaesemas } feesanaae 1 ) FREES | anne | Wenn ) MARS SRT 


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And all the duties of women, 

Let the girls thoroughly learn. 

Teach them the courtesies to guests, 

That they may know how to present 
salutations, 

And to restrain their voices ; 

To carry tea and refreshments to guests, 

Walking steadily and with grace. 

Let them not be petted and spoiled, 

Causing other people to talk about 
them. 

Let them not go to other houses, 

Lest they cease to respect strangers. 

Let them not sing songs, 

Lest their voices be heard outside, 

And evil words be spoken of them. 


' Let them not play here, there, and every- 


where, 
Lest their deeds become evil. 
The present generation’s children 
Are very bad; 
They have learned nothing. 
Boys know not how to read; 
They grow up following their own wills, 

















Shares | peewee | ey =)) ee | ES 2) cemeces, | a” 





i 





oo | SAMS, 0 « wc 











- 
_ 


|S oeee Seepage eae 


> 
a 








Drinking wine, and seeking only amuse- 
ment, 

Living idle and useless lives, 

Singing songs and dancing, 

Disregarding their family duties, 

And fearing not their country’s laws. 

Girls, too, are unwilling to learn; 

They are stubborn and talkative ; 

They know little of woman’s duties, 

Thus they injure themselves and their 
superiors. 

When grown, they find themselves dis- 
graced. 

Then they are displeased with their 
parents, 

And think not to blame themselves ; 

Their evil words hurt their parents’ ears. 

Such girls are worse than wild cats! 




















—_S> —_s > Be | PERS? | WEED ) WaRenaweees | joe. 


pc eS >) —— Jy ). m \) Se ee <anevnn 



















































































Kitchen and Preparing Food, 





— OO 


— 








a c K eee CC ———_ 


CHAPTER IX 
On Attention to Domestic Duties 


Economy and industry 

Are the sources of family prosperity ; 

Industry builds the house; 

Idleness will pull it down. 

Economy enriches the family ; 

Extravagance impoverishes it. 

Throughout life girls must work. 

The whole day’s work is in that of the 
early morning; 

The whole year’s work is in that of the 
spring. 

Girls must learn to sweep and clean; 

What cannot be swept must be washed. 

Think not such work unimportant ; 

So everyone will see your neatness, 

And your whole house will be bright. 

In planting the fine grains, 

And the cotton seed, 

Be not careless and wasteful. 








wcsteee seeth ae > 
Rea eA ag) ) ESR Meee | eeecumaens | MORSE } alraeamce ) RCS | 


pen) rere gs | Sts ame | as) SES ae | seems ) Benes | amas ) amrapneaes } MENT es ENT. 


Ae) ETE 


} 


h 


cameraman {Cc C xe ——— 














_ Do not secretly take! 











In cooking the rice and soup 

Always have the proper heat. 

Do not be careless, 

And cook this too much and that too 
little, 

This too soon and that too late, 

So that which might have been good 

Is spoiled, and the family’s stomachs 

Are still empty, and mouths thirsty! 

The rice chaff and refuse 

Preserve for the animals to eat. 

Let them out to feed, 

And at the proper time call them in. 

Let them not wander away 

And trouble the neighbors. 

The husbands money and rice 

Carefully put in a safe place. 

Husband’s wine and sweetmeats 


Let the bins or granaries 

Be filled with fine grains. 

The soy [a sauce], salt, pepper, and bean 
preserves 

Put in properly cleaned vessels, 








>) ieee Ni 











, ) Sees ) wearer | EUS (RMN) ERG Yer emomve | BRKT) EE 


= Sauer aaa tC io 1 1 TEU (( { 


os sme) } “~)) easy || »)) BY) ei. | 





~ 


SSS SSS Si 





Of pigs, chickens, geese, and ducks 
Raise very many. 

Thus throughout the year, 

And for all its feasts and festivals, 

You will have a varied and abundant 
supply, 

And thus husband and wife have peace 
and joy. 

~ Great riches are the gift of heaven ; 

A satisfying supply, the gift of industry. 





a 
































a 
ee eS ee ee ee 


U 
ge |) p)) ») 5 “Sa Samy ) Samy | ieee | a 


























Morning Salutation to Male Guest. 





summon aes Cc i\e orm « Cc eee 











CHAPTER X 
On the Treatment of Guests 


All families should be hospitable. 

When a guest is expected 

See that the chairs and tables, 

Plates and bowls are all in order. 

If it is a male guest, 

The wife may not be seen, 

But, near the reception room, 

Await her husband’s orders, 

If tea is wanted, 

See that it is promptly brought. 

If the guest remains to eat and sleep, 

Wait for the husband to come 

And say what he wishes prepared; 

Whether to kill chickens and cook vege- 
tables, 

Or only offer refreshments. 

Carefully see that the seasoning is suitable, 

And food properly prepared. 

With such care 

A wife brings reputation to her house. 








5) ym »Y) >) ")} 9) SSS 





Cc ca _ Saye 





a) poe heed fae en ee) ee) aa ee 








Cee 











5 | Seu «C IC « «Cc = ( 


If the guest remains overnight, 

See that the lamps or candles are in 
order, 

His room and bed carefully arranged, 

With due reference to the weather, 

That the guest may rest in comfort. 

With modest face, and low voice, 

Present the morning salutations. 

In all this you please 

Not only your husband, but all his family. 

Do not imitate those careless women 

Who do not look after the reception room; 

Whoare hurried and without self-posses- 
sion, 

And therefore do nothing properly. 

Such are very angry 

When the husband invites a guest to stay. 

They bring chopsticks, but no spoons ; 

Salt, but no pepper. 

Before the guest has eaten 

They are eating; 

They whip the boys, 

And scold the girls, 

And all is confusion. 


Jo eS ae WN 





a ey “) mae | =e \\ — ae ——— —* 








SSS OOL_— —— C—O OO I 











“ 














ac Ke {C « C a 


Such disgrace their husbands, 

And mortify the guests. 

If a guest arrives 

When the husband is absent, 

Send a small child to inquire 

Whence he comes. 

If he looks like a friend, 

Send and ask his name 

And invite him to enter, 

Then with hair in order and dress neat, 

The wife may enter the reception room, 

And present her salutations. 

Then let the tea be served, 

And observe all politeness, 

After he has taken tea 

She should inquire his business, 

And if he is a very near friend or relation, 

She may invite him to await her husband's 
return. 

But if he desires to go, 

She may accompany him ozly 

To the reception room entrance. 

I exhort all women 

To follow these instructions. 




















(REACT | PRE frances?) EARS =>) par GRE BESES 2 ees. “~) = 





oS (RERUN | Coen § Sec § PUCK | MATAR | MRR | wes | A me 


LS Ne 





xy 
Mt 


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Neighbors Visiting. 





ee 











« apeeaees cK C Cc | ae « i eam | oan | (aca maid | eee 


CHAPTER XI 
On Gentleness and Harmony 


For the family’s prosperity, 

There are very good rules; 

Women should zealously learn them. 

Of these, to follow peace 

Is of the first importance. 

Obedience in all things is the next. 

If father or mother-in-law reprove, 

Receive it meekly without anger ; 

If your husband’s younger sister or sister- 
in-law 

Do any wrong, meddle not; 

This is not your affair. 

Live in peace with both your superiors 
and inferiors. | 

“ Whether it is or is not, let it be all the 
same to you; 

Whether long or short, never mind, do 
not quarrel.” 

[Note: A proverb teaching contentment 
under all circumstances. | 


) LSPA | TOTES ORS } ) —) E ) AY | > 5 OARS Ts 5 











a Lae NARA) PRSER AG!) pomIanennet } ReaEaen SER | ciate) RRS ) SRR) meno | AER 5 sero 











\ Cc Cc —S—S ree 


Tell not the family affairs abroad. ! 

With your neighbors at your right and 
left, 

Constantly exhaust courtesy. 

In visiting with or receiving visits from 
them, 

In exchanging salutations or congratula- 
tions, 

Have a ¢rue heart and pleasant face. 

When it is time to talk, talk; 

When it is time to do, do! 
Let not other people’s business enter your : 

J doors. ] 

Imitate not those foolish women 

Who have not good principles, 

Who are untruthful and unchasteincon- | 

: versation, 

And who dare to be angry with their 
superiors. ) 

I exhort all to consider the result of their | 

u words, ; 

| Regard the past, and take into account 





RG (Cpe eee Meee 











SS SS 


« 


{C 


»)) 





| a 








the future. 























ge ay Soprenensnn ») )) oy | SROETEGE? | ESE | ST hy 





rier 


*OABID BSOUIYO 






























































apes EY aromas | RAY § CURE | NAMES | SUC SMETE: | pooner aes § oe FG i 











CHAPTER XII 
On the Cultivation of Virtue 


From ancient times until now 

The examples of the “nine upright and 
three pure ones” 

Have been ours to look upon. 

Their names and characters were recorded 

In the national odes, and handed down 
to us. 

But how few have followed in their foot- 
steps ! 

Yet anyone who has the desire and will 

May, like them, be good and honorable. 

It is of the first importance 

To have correct principles; 

Next to be pure and upright in act. 

If there are male guests in the reception 
room, 

Do not go forth from your own room ; 

If they be even near your own door, 

Let not curiosity lead you forth to speak 
to them. 











“acing ag | MLE | TEER WEARATEE | VERE Benen: | GREE) SER 








) TE 


ae ces ke TTBS =: namaaaas | prewar | bpacene ) SAREE | 


*OABID OSOUIYO 




















ie 
Vow 
SX 

<= 















































comers | erence (ERAS) mmc | Comer waar ncaa Ra MRI pm r= ef 





‘ 





CHAPTER XII 
On the Cultivation of Virtue 


From ancient times until now 

The examples of the “nine upright and 
three pure ones” 

Have been ours to look upon. 

Their names and characters were recorded 

In the national odes, and handed down 
to us. 

But how few have followed in their foot- 
steps ! 

Yet anyone who has the desire and will 

May, like them, be good and honorable. 

It is of the first importance 

To have correct principles; 

Next to be pure and upright in act. 

If there are male guests in the reception 
room, 

Do not go forth from your own room ; 

If they be even near your own door, 

Let not curiosity lead you forth to speak 
to them. 





<3 (SRT | taemmaaman ( Caras Tes. Later (C ——-—= 8 








| BES cree ) cme e ESE Se IEEE | ORR) Prrterense | ART ) WARSI } OSTA 


eee eee —-——) Ya oo oa 














Ae ee 


| FEL | ARSE, Sree, CRASS | C |: aa Se 


cc eS OO eee 





Do not talk secretly with people, 

And let not an unchaste thought enter 
your heart. 

After the sun goes down, go not from 
your room 

To any part of the house without a light. 

Lest going into the darkness, 

You meet with unspeakable evil. 

If you do wrong once, 

This may lead to wrong in everything. 

One evil act done and a hundred follow. 

Heaven determines the relations of hus- 
band and wife ; 

This truth is heavier than a mountain. 

If you come to misfortune and grief, 

If when you have walked but half life’s 
road, 

Your husband should die, 

Then put on the three years’ mourning. 

Think not of marrying again. 

| NVote: It is very meritorious for a woman 
to remain a widow, and special honors 
are paid her.] 

Devote yourself to your husband's family; 














oo OO EE ee) )) wy 














a SRE Fe » ») 2) aS | FORISREET an i D 














| a | RANEY | MEERA a Nesiad \ ee 








dren ; 
Guard and increase his estate; 
Carefully keep in order his grave, 
And observe all the sacrificial rites. 
People who are born mus¢ die; 
This is true of everyone 
The heavens beneath. 
This book of instructions to women 
Is now completed. 
If they will but hear and follow, 


Their happiness will be immeasurable, 


Carefully read, remember, and obey. 











T 


- 
| 


Reverence his parents, instruct his chil- 


Their light as that of the sun and moon. 


(= <G SSG eG 


AE J OEE | MEO | NTE RELY) msc} sesiraran? 


>) 


oa} 








) 


—— 


Eas 


—)) BY} 2) AE) aeons } ODED ) Ts ) 








ca = 

















SOVTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY 
‘ University of California Library 
(1 F ) Los Angeles FACIUTY 


This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 


ILL]Cse 





31158 01126 4396 


A 000 410 686 o 





Rn Vnwngy 








